Glossary

References Gunning, T. G. (2010). Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.
 * **Consonant: **the letters of the alphabet that are not vowels. || **Blends: ** two consonants that stand together but still keep their individual sounds; must be able to come at the first of a word: plant, trip. ||
 * **Diphthongs: **two vowels together that create a new sound: like ou in out, oi in oil. || **Consonant Digraphs: **two consonants that stand together that create a new sound: ch in chip, sh in shop. ||
 * **Vowel Digraphs: ** two vowels that come together and have one vowel sound || **Decoding: **reading; breaking a whole word down into parts. ||
 * **Encoding: **spelling; placing letters/sounds together to form words. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Vowel: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes w and y. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Long vowel: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">the sound of the vowel in which the vowel says its name: ā in ape, ē in eel, ī in ice, ō in oak, ū in use. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Short vowel: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> the short sound of the vowel: ă as in cat, ĕ in beg, ŏ in dog, ŭ in fun, ĭ in win. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Phonemes: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> the sounds that letters make. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Graphemes: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">A written representation of a sound using one or more letters. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Phonics: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">understanding that there is a predictable relationship between the phonemes (sounds) with the graphemes (letters) that represent them. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Phonemic awareness: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> The ability to manipulate the sounds in words orally. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Phonological awareness: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> the ability to identify and match phonemes with their written equivalent || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Multi-sensory: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> being taught in a way that provides experiences using visual (seeing), auditory (hearing), kinesthetic (body movement), and tactile (touching) learning pathways simultaneously. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Systematic: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> one skill building upon another; works in an order that makes sense. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Explicit: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">explained clearly and in detail. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Affixes: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">a form added to the beginning, middle, or end of another word that creates a derivative word or inflection || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Prefix: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> a letter or combination of letters that are located in front of base words that change the meaning of the base word ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Base word: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;"> (also called root word) the main word, to which prefixes and suffixes are added. || **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Suffix **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">: a letter or group of letters that come after the base word and change the meaning of the word. ||

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Oakland, T., Black, J. L., Stanford, G., Nussbaum, N. L., & Balise, R. R. (1998, March/April). An evaluation of the dyslexia training program: A multisensory method for promoting reading in students with reading disabilities. Journal of learning disabilities, 31(2), 140-147.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">The International Dyslexia Association. (2000). Fact Sheets on Dyslexia and related language based learning differences. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from The International Dyslexia Association: http:www.interdys.org/factsheets.html

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Thomson, M. E. (1998). Dyslexia: A teaching handbook. Whurr.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 16px;">Tompkins, G. E. (2010). Literacy for the 21st century: A balanced approach. Boston: Pearson Education Inc.